Bone Health and Musculoskeletal Effects
Clinical trials have shown that vitamin D and calcium supplements may increase bone mineral density in some postmenopausal women and older adults. Two meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown that taking high doses of vitamin D reduced fall risk by 19% and bone fracture risk by between 15%. Vitamin D supplementation can prevent and cure nutritional rickets in infants and children. Deficient or insufficient levels of vitamin D can cause rickets in children, osteoporosis in older adults, and osteomalacia in the elderly.
Cancer Prevention and Treatment
The evidence that vitamin D can reduce the risk of cancer incidence and mortality rates is robust. The VITAL trial also found that high-dose vitamin D supplements (2,000 IUs daily) taken over 5 years reduced the risk of advanced cancer—cancer. This review emphasizes the findings from prospective cohort studies showing that higher 25(OH)D concentrations reduce the risks of major diseases and mortality.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs have indicated that vitamin D supplementation improves several cardiovascular risk factors, including a significant. Evidence links vitamin D deficiency to chronic health issues such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and mental health disorders.
Mental Health Benefits
Overall, the evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation is of benefit for patients with depression, in particular those with VDD.
References Used: Grant WB. Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and. 2025. Grant WB. Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and. 2024. Grant WB. Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and. 2025. Vitamin D – Health Professional Fact Sheet Vitamin D: A Review of Clinical Use and Efficacy. 2022. Benefits of Vitamin D Vitamin D: Evidence and Controversies Bouillon R. The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence. 2022. Albasheer O. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on symptoms and clinical. 2025. Unveiling the Power of Vitamin D: Key Insights into its Role.